Wolken

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Bereits in der Ein­füh­rung des Buches „Der ganz nor­ma­le Wahn­sinn – Vom Umgang mit schwie­ri­gen Men­schen” defi­niert Fran­çois Lelord die Per­sön­lich­keit und den Cha­rak­ter und stellt fest, dass wir die Cha­rak­ter­zü­ge ande­rer Leu­te viel bes­ser erken­nen als unse­re eige­nen. Die Per­sön­lich­keits­merk­ma­le sind dadurch gekenn­zeich­net, wie wir unse­re Umwelt und uns selbst gewöhn­lich wahr­neh­men, wie wir uns nor­ma­ler­wei­se ver­hal­ten und reagie­ren. Dar­über hin­aus beschreibt Fran­çois Lelord wie Hip­po­kra­tes als einer der ersten unter­nom­men hat, sei­ne Mit­men­schen zu klas­si­fi­zie­ren. Hip­po­kra­tes gelang­te zu fol­gen­der Einteilung:

Per­sön­lich­keits­typ — Kennzeichen
san­gui­nisch — leb­haft, emotiv
phleg­ma­tisch — lang­sam, kalt
cho­le­risch — zor­nig, bitter
melan­cho­lisch — düster, pessimistisch

Die Ein­tei­lung zeigt, dass der Wunsch, die Mit­men­schen zu klas­si­fi­zie­ren, bereits im 4. Jahr­hun­dert v.Chr. bestand, doch spü­ren wir, dass sie irgend­wie unvoll­kom­men ist. Es gibt nur weni­ge, die den »rei­nen« san­gui­ni­schen oder melan­cho­li­schen Per­sön­lich­keits­typ ver­kör­pern und die mei­sten Leu­te pas­sen in mehr als nur eine der vier Schub­la­den. Es gibt inzwi­schen mehr Per­sön­lich­keits­ty­pen, als die vier von Hip­po­kra­tes beschrie­be­nen. Doch stellt sich die Fra­ge, was oder wem es nützt die Mit­men­schen zu klas­si­fi­zie­ren, wo die mensch­li­chen Wesen von unend­li­cher Viel­falt nicht in Schub­la­den zu stecken sind. Trotz­dem kann ein wenig Wis­sen über die Per­sön­lich­keits­ty­pen von Nut­zen sein, damit wir gewis­se Situa­tio­nen bes­ser mei­stern kön­nen, indem wir Reak­tio­nen unter ver­schie­de­nen Umstän­den bes­ser ver­ste­hen. Klas­si­fi­zie­run­gen haben also ihre Berech­ti­gung und sind in jeder Natur­wis­sen­schaft not­wen­dig, sei es beim Stu­di­um der Wol­ken, der Schmet­ter­lin­ge, der Krank­hei­ten oder der Cha­rak­te­re. Blei­ben wir bei der Meteo­ro­lo­gie und wer­fen einen Blick in den Him­mel. Der Him­mel sieht nie gleich aus; jeden Tag for­men Wind, Wol­ken und Son­ne uns ein ande­res Bild. Trotz­dem haben Meteo­ro­lo­gen vier Haupt­ar­ten der Wol­ken defi­niert und im Bedarfs­fall wer­den uns ein paar Kennt­nis­se auf dem Gebiet der Wol­ken­for­men hel­fen, das Wet­ter für die kom­men­den Stun­den vorherzusagen.

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[1] Vgl. Fran­çois Lelord und Chri­sto­phe André,
Der ganz nor­ma­le Wahn­sinn — Vom Umgang mit schwie­ri­gen Menschen
Auf­bau Ver­lag, 8. Auf­la­ge 2010, Ein­füh­rung auf den Sei­ten 7–23
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Bild­nach­weis:
Micha­el Vogt (2008)
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